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It has long been observed that the main
requirements of any boat are space, speed and low cost, and that while
any two of these are possible in a particular boat, all three are
not. However, if you are prepared to sail a boat that looks different,
and requires a slightly different tacking technique, perhaps it can
be done.
Harry is a Pacific proa with a difference.
All the accommodation is in the weather hull, always. To the best
of my knowledge this has never been done before, as according to popular
wisdom, a proa with a balanced rig and most of it's weight to windward
will not shunt successfully. Five years experimenting with various
possibilities has resulted in a boat that not only shunts, but also
shunts very well. Not as quickly as a mono tacks, but considerably
quicker and far easier than a lot of multis.
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One of the prototypes
for Harry was "U" which featured in
Multihull Magazine. That edition also contains a lot of background
on proas.
Sailing Harry single handed takes less effort
than any other boat I have ever sailed. Harry points high, sails fast
and is very responsive: in many ways more responsive than conventional
monos and multis. Harry is meant as a basic weekender for 4, or an
extended coastal cruiser for a couple.
The original idea was to get my wife back
into sailing, while providing me with a boat capable of coastal racing.
Sue dislikes heeling, pitching, getting wet, pulling on ropes, winding
winches and having to move around all the time. Her idea of sailing
is sitting comfortably, watching the world go by while she sips Chardonnay
and chats to her friends. Harry fills these requirements admirably.
Harry has the following attributes:
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There are 2 hulls.
The leeward one handles the sailing function, is 12m long, very
narrow and low and contains the rig and rudders. The windward hull
(the Chardonnay side), is 7.5m long and contains the accommodation,
consisting of 2 large double berths cantilevered off the inboard
side of the hull, standing headroom, galley and separate toilet
and shower. This layout not only puts most of the weight in the
right place, it means that the non-sailing crew (wife, kids, guests)
do not have to be involved with the sailing. They can sit or lie
on either the contoured bench seats or the trampoline, well clear
of the sailing action, and the spray. No changing sides when the
boat tacks, no need to avoid travellers, winches and sheets and
no getting in the way of the sailors.
The weather hull also
has far fewer structural requirements. Without a cockpit, mast,
rudder, centreboard or deck fittings requiring bulkheads, stringers
and frames for support there is much more space available and many
more options for how to use it. The weather hull is just 7.5m (25')
long, but almost all of this is utilised. The built in bunks and
wide open spaces make fitting the galley, benches etc much easier,
lighter and quicker than on conventional boats.
The comfort is not just for the non-sailors.
Harry has an EasyRig. A balanced sloop rig, on a self supporting
carbon mast. This means no winches, travellers, tracks, turning
blocks or highly stressed sheets. The main sheet is a simple, lightly
loaded 2:1 purchase, there are no other sheets required. To tack
or gybe, the sheet is released, steer onto a reach, trim the new
sheet, the rudders reverse almost automatically and off you go.
Marginally slower than tacking, but almost effortless, and a lot
more controllable, particularly at low speed or in crowded waterways.
Apart from the scenery going in the opposite direction, the passengers
are hardly aware of the change. The self supporting mast is designed
to flex and reduce power at a given wind speed. This automatic depowering
delays the need for reefing and makes the boat a lot safer in gusty
conditions.
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Speed:
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Harry has yet to race, but will have
by the time this is printed. Pictures and results will be in the
next magazine. Harry's vital statistics imply that it will be no
slouch. Weight 650 kgs (1,430 lb), sail area 40 sq m (430 sq'),
loa 12 m (40') and boa 7m (23'). Harry is one third the weight of
a typical lightweight racing 40 foot cat. Consequently it is very
easily driven, (7 knots with a 5 hp outboard) so a small sail area
is sufficient for cruising. The lightweight is not at the expense
of strength. Pacific proas are far less stressed than conventional
multis. On Harry the stress is reduced even further by placing the
entire rig, beam and steering loads within 2.5m of the middle of
the leeward hull.
Light though Harry is, a racing version
would weigh about half as much, and with optional water ballast
could carry twice the sail area.
Harry is very stable, theoretically not
flying a hull in cruising mode until the apparent breeze reaches
25 knots.
Harry is also very safe. With the rig
in the leeward hull, none of the sails' heeling force is trying
to bury the bow; the most common cause of multihull upsets.
When it does fly a hull, the boat rotates
around the base of the mast. Consequently it has a very smooth stability
curve which is still positive at very high (over 75°, depending
on crew location) angles of heel. If it was to capsize, the buoyant
mast and boom should stop it going past 90°, and should also act
as a sea anchor, enabling the hulls to blow downwind, at which time
the wind should flip the boat back upright. Lots of "shoulds" in
the above as it has yet to be tested, although it worked on the
prototype. It will be tested on Harry in the near future.
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Harry is all timber, epoxy and marine
ply, fibreglassed inside and out. It has a carbon mast and rudderstocks.
It is an ongoing test bed for various ideas and is continuously
being altered so although it is reasonably well built, the finish
is pretty rough. The story of the building will be in a future article.
Harry is light and cheap because everything
has been kept simple. It is also highly effective. Some
examples:
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1) There is no metal in the boat apart from the eyelets in the sails.
Metal causes stress concentrations, is heavy and expensive. Fibreglass
tow in epoxy requires a bit more thought at the design stage, but
spreads the load much better, does not require holes in the structure,
is easy to apply and cheap.
2) The building technique
is incredibly quick, a combination of the best of strip planking
and sheet plywood techniques, made possible by Flexiply, a plywood
with 95% of the laminate in the lengthwise direction. Each hull
needs two building frames/bulkheads, and a couple of pieces of 4x2.
Very simple, self aligning and difficult to mess up. No special
tools are required and the finished hulls are not only relatively
small in surface area, they are inherently fair; sanding, fairing
and torture boarding are limited. Harry was built single handed
in a 6m x 3m (20' x 10') space and assembled at the waters edge.
As well as the hulls, beams and original wing mast, even the steering
wheel is built of Flexiply. A competent amateur should be able to
build a Harry in 250 hours.
3) The EasyRig. The name says it all.
It is also low cost compared to conventional rigs and all there
associated paraphernalia and has far lower ongoing maintenance costs.
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4) Rudders. Harry has two large rudders,
which rotate through 360°. These not only steer exceptionally well,
but also remove the need for centreboards. They can be lifted for
off the wind sailing, or when shallow draft is required. The rudders
are one of the reasons why Harry works so well. Even at low speeds,
they operate efficiently, so shunting and maneuvering in tight situations
are very simple. Carbon shafts ensure adequate strength.
5) Apart from rope (6 and 8mm spectra),
the trampoline and a couple of sheaves and cleats, there is no chandlery
on the boat at the sailing stage. It is far cheaper, and in many
cases easier, to build the required fittings in situ.
6) The cantilevered bunks effectively
halve the length of the beams, further reducing loads that are already
much lower than those on cats and tris.
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Harry will not be everyone's
cup of tea. Sailors are notoriously conservative people, and
many of them buy boats for reasons other than speed, comfort and low
cost. However, for those who do want these attributes, and who aren't
afraid of being different, Harry kits will soon be available for considerably
less than half the price of the materials for a conventional 40 footer.
The kit boat is a Harry Mark 2. The differences between Harry (photos)
and Harry Mk 2 (drawings) are that Mk 2 has a much more spacious weather
hull; no struts under the beams, a more rounded lee hull, smaller
boom and stiffer mast. Mk 2 is professionally engineered, considerably
more robust, much easier to build and a little lighter than Harry.
Kits will include everything needed to build a boat and go
sailing. That is, all the materials, Gary Martin sails, all deck gear
and rigging, marine paint and long life antifouling, professionally
built, one piece carbon mast and rudder shafts, detailed plans and
building instructions and as much email, mail or phone advice as is
required. Finishing it off ready for weekend use is a matter of personal
choice, but a minimum may be: bunk mattress, outboard and bracket
(or sculling oar), cooker, toilet, anchor, flares, fire extinguisher
and lifejackets.
Tools required are electric screwdriver, jigsaw/sabresaw, 4" grinder,
orbital sander, string line, level, straight edge and tape measure.
A router is also handy for rounding edges. Professionally built Harry
Mk 2s will also be available.
A trailable version of Harry is currently on the drawing board (ed.
see "Harrigami").
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